Reserved keywords

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The following table lists all of the keywords that are reserved in DuneSQL, along with their status in the SQL standard. These reserved keywords must be quoted (using double quotes) in order to be used as an identifier.

Dune is a web-based platform that allows you to query public blockchain data and aggregate it into beautiful dashboards.

Welcome

Quickstart

Navigate the Ever-Expanding World of Web3 Data with Ease, from Beginners to Experts

Web3 Data Resources

How to write a query to find out the monthly $ gas spent for your wallet

Create your first query

How to craft AI-assisted queries with ease

Create AI-Assisted Queries

Dune AI Prompt Engineering

Create New Content

How to create a combination bar chart and line chart to visualize the monthly $ gas spent for your wallet

Create your first visualization

Navigate the Query Editor

Find Datasets on Dune

How to build a Farcaster Frame using Frog and Dune API

Build a Frame with Dune API

Streamline tracking of your crypto transactions, including profit and loss calculations and determining cost basis, using Dune.

2023 Crypto Profits and Losses with Dune API

Export Data Out of Dune

A step-by-step guide to creating and managing team accounts on Dune.

Create and Manage Teams on Dune

What is the credit system on Dune and how credits work on Dune

Understanding Credits on Dune

How to efficiently search for content on Dune

Search for Content on Dune

Share Dune Content

How to share your query result and charts with others

Share your query

How to transfer ownership of your creations

Transfer Ownership

Dune has built the perfect tools to efficiently extract information from blockchain data.

Overview

The query editor allows you to query blockchain data using DuneSQL.

Writing Queries

The Data Explorer allows you to search for blockchain and other data to use in your Queries. Here's how it works.

Finding Tables

Parameters allow you to implement variables in certain parts of your Query. This is useful if you want to create a Query that you can reuse with different parameters.

Using Parameters

Learn how to leverage the power of query scheduling for a more reliable and up-to-date dashboard display!

Scheduling Queries

Visualize and trace all tables, views, and nested query dependencies within a query to understand data relationships efficiently.

Query Lineage

Queries have a version history, where you can compare and revert to previous query versions.

Version History

Charts are good for condensing data points into a Visualization.

Create Graphs

Counters give you a way to display a single number prominently.

Create counters

Tables are a way to display your data in a tabular format.

Formatting Tables

Instead of working with the logs and traces in their raw states, on Dune we decode smart contract activity into nice human-readable tables.

Decoding Contracts

How decoding contracts works in a multichain universe.

Multichain Decoding

New kid (chain) on the block (Dune)? Here’s what you need to know to submit your chain's protocol contracts to Dune.

Survivor's Kit for Contract Submission

Dashboards are where Dune's content lives and gets discovered.

Create Dashboards

Mint Dashboards on Dune to Support Wizards

Mint Dashboards

Dune Teams are shared workspaces for Wizards to collaborate within.

Teams on Dune

Wand is a beta suite of tools for writing SQL queries with the help of large language models.

Dune AI

Upload Data

Embeds allow you to enjoy beautiful, updating Dune charts across the web!

Share your work

Get the most out of Dune's powerful content search functionality

Search content

Alerts allow you to receive notifications based on any query

Alerts

Found a security issue within our application?

Bug Bounty

DuneSQL, a Trino fork, is fine-tuned for blockchain analytics.

When and how do queries on Dune get executed?

Executions

The "Query View" feature in DuneSQL allows you to use an existing query as a view in another query. This powerful functionality enables you to create reusable queries, build complex queries, and take advantage of existing queries as views.

Query Views

Materialized tables are a way to store the results of a query in a table that can be queried like any other table. This is useful when you have a query that takes a long time to run, or when you want to use the results of a query in another query.

Materialized Views

Get the most out of DuneSQL by writing efficient queries.

Writing Efficient Queries

DuneSQL supports a wide range of built-in functions and operators.

Aggregate functions

Array functions and operators

Base58 functions

Binary

Bitwise

Comparisons

Conditional expressions

Conversions

Date and time functions and operators

Decimal functions and operators

Functions to decode raw EVM events and function calls in DuneSQL.

EVM Decoding Functions

HyperLogLog functions

JSON functions

Lambda expressions are anonymous functions which are passed as arguments to higher-order SQL functions.

Lambda expressions

LiveFetch functions send HTTP requests to a specified URL.

LiveFetch functions

Logical operators

Map functions and operators

Mathematical functions and operators

Machine learning functions

Quantile digest functions

Regular expression functions

Set Digest functions

SS58 functions

Tron address functions

String functions and operators

System information

T-Digest functions

Teradata functions

URL functions

UUID functions

Varbinary functions (DuneSQL)

Window functions

Dune's extensive data catalog provides detailed analytics for a wide range of blockchains.

Understand the frequency of updates for various data types on Dune.

Data Freshness

Dune offers several ways to bring your data to the platform.

Bring your Data

The Dune Index is a comprehensive indicator of blockchain adoption across the industry.

Introduction

Dune Index

Understanding transaction fees and their relationship to transaction costs in blockchain networks

Transactions Fees

Understanding net USD transferred as a component of the Dune Index

Net Transfers

Net USD Transferred

Understanding transactions as a foundational component of the Dune Index

Transactions

Curated data Tables are the easiest way to gain insights on Dune

Curated Data Overview

Curated EVM data tables providing simplified access to blockchain data across all EVM networks

EVM Curated Data

Curated Solana data tables providing simplified access to Solana blockchain data

Solana Curated Data

Labels provide valuable context and clarity to blockchain addresses, enhancing the readability and understanding of blockchain transaction data.

Labels Data

Description of the labels.addresses table on Dune

All labels

labels.addresses

Description of the labels.ens table on Dune

labels.ens

Description of the labels.owner_addresses table on Dune

Addresses

labels.owner_addresses

Description of the labels.owner_details table on Dune

Details

labels.owner_details

Token price data across multiple blockchains

Prices

Real-time minute-by-minute price data for tokens across all supported blockchains

Minute Prices

Historical hourly price data for tokens across all supported blockchains

Hourly Prices

Historical daily price data for tokens across all supported blockchains, aggregated at 00:00 UTC

Keyword	SQL:2016
`ALTER`	reserved
`AND`	reserved
`AS`	reserved
`BETWEEN`	reserved
`BY`	reserved
`CASE`	reserved
`CAST`	reserved
`CONSTRAINT`	reserved
`CREATE`	reserved
`CROSS`	reserved
`CUBE`	reserved
`CURRENT_CATALOG`	reserved
`CURRENT_DATE`	reserved
`CURRENT_PATH`	reserved
`CURRENT_ROLE`	reserved
`CURRENT_SCHEMA`	reserved
`CURRENT_TIME`	reserved
`CURRENT_TIMESTAMP`	reserved
`CURRENT_USER`	reserved
`DEALLOCATE`	reserved
`DELETE`	reserved
`DESCRIBE`	reserved
`DISTINCT`	reserved
`DROP`	reserved
`ELSE`	reserved
`END`	reserved
`ESCAPE`	reserved
`EXCEPT`	reserved
`EXECUTE`	reserved
`EXISTS`	reserved
`EXTRACT`	reserved
`FALSE`	reserved
`FOR`	reserved
`FROM`	reserved
`FULL`	reserved
`GROUP`	reserved
`GROUPING`	reserved
`HAVING`	reserved
`IN`	reserved
`INNER`	reserved
`INSERT`	reserved
`INTERSECT`	reserved
`INTO`	reserved
`IS`	reserved
`JOIN`	reserved
`JSON_ARRAY`	reserved
`JSON_EXISTS`	reserved
`JSON_OBJECT`	reserved
`JSON_QUERY`	reserved
`JSON_VALUE`	reserved
`LEFT`	reserved
`LIKE`	reserved
`LISTAGG`	reserved
`LOCALTIME`	reserved
`LOCALTIMESTAMP`	reserved
`NATURAL`	reserved
`NORMALIZE`	reserved
`NOT`	reserved
`NULL`	reserved
`ON`	reserved
`OR`	reserved
`ORDER`	reserved
`OUTER`	reserved
`PREPARE`	reserved
`RECURSIVE`	reserved
`RIGHT`	reserved
`ROLLUP`	reserved
`SELECT`	reserved
`SKIP`	reserved
`TABLE`	reserved
`THEN`	reserved
`TRIM`	reserved
`TRUE`	reserved
`UESCAPE`	reserved
`UNION`	reserved
`UNNEST`	reserved
`USING`	reserved
`VALUES`	reserved
`WHEN`	reserved
`WHERE`	reserved
`WITH`	reserved

Functionality

DuneSQL

Functions and Operators

Reserved keywords